News of a Kidnapping, Gabriel García Márquez This tells the story of a kidnapping group of ten people which was executed by a corporation, and only goal.
The main reason for the war told in the book, was the narco-terror before the possibility of being extradited to the United States, where they could subject them to gargantuan sentences for their crimes. This could be carried out because of a treaty under the government of President Julio Cesar Turbay, where it was agreed for the first time the extradition of nationals. The fear of terrorists continued under the regime of President Belisario Betancourt, who applied the treaty with a number of extraditions caused by her murder of Lara Bonilla. Given that the Extraditables, masterminds of the terrorist wave of the time and who had for leader Pablo Escobar, they realized that the safest place for them was Colombia, leaving as the only way to get under the protection State. In pursuit of this protection developed two mechanisms, one reason and another by force. The first was a proposal to the government in which they agreed to surrender to justice and invest their capital in Colombia with the condition he not be extradited, the second was not asked any agreement, it was developed with a horrific and indiscriminate terrorism. "We prefer a grave in Colombia to a cell in the United States."
Between 1989 and 1990 when Cesar Gaviria, ran for the presidency and ran for this office, defended the extradition as an essential tool for justice and issued a decree against drugs approved on September 5 1990. The 2047 decree raised that those who surrender and confess their crimes could be obtained as the main benefit of non-extradition, who in addition to the confession cooperate with the law, would have a reduction in sentence of up to a third party for the delivery and confession; to one-sixth of justice through collaboration with the accusation. But this formulation was not enough for Extraditables, Pablo Escobar through his lawyers demanded the extradition is not unconditional, that collaboration was not mandatory and protection for their families and allies. To achieve this, launched a wave of kidnappings of journalists in order to pressure the government. The first of its kidnapped was Diana Turbay, head of news and magazine Krypton x today in Bogota today, the daughter of former President Julio Cesar Turbay. She was abducted along with his team: Azucena Liévano, Juan Vitta, Richard Becerra, Orlando Acevedo and German journalist based in Colombia, Hero Buss. Another person was kidnapped Marina Montoya, sister of the Secretary General in the government of President Virgilio Barco in captivity had the opportunity to share the prison with two other hostages: Maruja Pachon de Villamizar, journalist, wife of the politician Alberto Villamizar sister of Gloria Pachon Luis Carlos Galan's widow and chief Focine, the other was kidnapped sister Beatriz Villamizar Alberto Villamizar. After four hours of the abduction of Marina Montoya was kidnapped the managing editor of El Tiempo Francisco Santos.
Throughout this war, journalists were the most affected, where two of the hostages at Extraditables, Diana Turbay and Marina Montoya, lost their lives. As for the arrangements of the Extraditables and government, with the help of several main characters and Alberto Villamizar, Father Garcia Herreros and Family Ochoa, reached an agreement to surrender to justice, later to become reality with a simple bribe, ended in a leak and quiet walk through the surrounding forests of the jail in which they were being held.
THE ROLE OF THE PRESS IN THE COMPANY AND ITS FREEDOM
As mentioned earlier by the press is the servant of society and plays a major role in a democratic state, it allows its political transparency and reporting irregularities occur in it. Also worth mentioning to the press as the backbone of a society because it allows the development of other fundamental freedoms and promotes transparency in matters of this.
The book News of a Kidnapping, you can clearly see the importance of the media in a state. From this account, you can imagine how Pablo Escobar and his group viewed essentially Extraditables of them in society, for the kidnapping of journalists, was a reaction of this group of narco-terrorists as a key to press the government to meet its demands, among which were the non-extradition.
This not only can be justified by the kidnapping of journalists between 1990 and 1991 by the drug. You can also support the events that occurred between September 1983 and January 1991, also recounted in the book, because in this era were killed 26 journalists, including Guillermo Cano is director of El Espectador on December 17, 1986. It is also important to note as evidence that at that time was the most affected union of journalists, just because of its importance, an attempt was made to the newspaper El Espectador was destroyed by three hundred kilos of dynamite.
is also important to mention how Extraditables as contradicted in their requests, because while requesting that it respect the fundamental rights of young people in the towns of Medellin that were violated by the police were violating a right as fundamental as freedom, which in turn gave way to the violation of other rights essential to the kidnapped journalists, which was freedom of the press.
MEDIATORS AS THE MEDIA AND SOCIETY STATE
As was mentioned in the definitions of freedom of prey and information, media can establish a relationship between state and society. In News of a Kidnapping, the media in their role as mediators met an even more important. In the book chronicles the war between the government and terrorism were key mediating different characters, such as Pablo Escobar's lawyers, Father Garcia Herreros, Alberto Villamizar, Don Fabio Ochoa and his family, and so on. But one of the main mediators were the media, the latter in its effort to inform the audience of this conflict, both the government allowed as Extraditables reported that was happening in both territories, and likewise sent messages to their rivals. The government did with appearances of characters included in this conflict through the media, sending both to society and to the Extraditables their decisions and at times their proposals. In contrast, the aforementioned terrorist group, was done by published statements by the same means with their demands or responses of the proposals, and also with the transmission of terrorist acts were sometimes responses to government decisions.
media also allowed to directly or indirectly maintain contact with the hostages, become mediators between families and individuals in captivity. The book relates how the Holy Family with no detour, no messages or disguised and without reserve in the publications of the newspaper El Tiempo, messages sent by the editorial section Pacho Santos, once with the picture of the status of their children and even at one point, as told in the book, he avoided that Francis took his life. The Focus program, which was led by a daughter of Maruja Pachon, allowed this received indirect messages and hidden in his family programs, a clear example of this communication was a program made exclusively for exercise in small spaces that allowed the hostage to do a little better life in captivity.
But the fact that the media allow these parts relate to the conflict, it meant they lost the role of mediator between the state and citizens, because at the time I had with the hostages and Extraditables, fulfilling its role report did to society.
WELL AS THE SOCIAL MEDIA
As previously stated, the media have a priority to serve the society to which they belong, that what other freedoms are subject promoting the right to information, contributing to a democratic transparency and reporting irregularities affecting society. Therefore, it can be referred to the media as a task that aims to the common good.
The book under review, based on the concepts presented, was given a fact of great importance that the media qualifies as having a social good. The fact to which reference is made to a campaign on television dedicated to the hostages by Extraditables call: Colombia's Claim. This was done by director Nora Asomedios Sanin and Maria del Rosario Ortiz, this was to invite key people from film, television, football, among others, to ask for the release of the hostages and respect for human rights human. This is justified as a social good, by the fact denounce irregularities affecting the society and also to proclaim and promote respect for fundamental rights such as freedom in all areas. Another reason behind this fact is the solidarity of the media showing this program, from a conflict that belonged to all politicians.
THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS: NEWS OF A KIDNAPPING.
The right to information is a collective need and a demand for individuals in a society that allows for democratic accountability, makes real freedom and justice. Relating this definition to the book of Gabriel Garcia Marquez News of a Kidnapping, is worth noting that allows it to publish in any way in its content, denouncing the abuses of human rights narco Colombian society, demanding justice in this way that every democratic state must possess, and the same, transmitting a civic responsibility in the narrative of what he calls "the most difficult and sad life, that through this book reflects what was a reality by allowing individuals to reflect and citizens of a State.
The right to information in their exercise enables other liberties: thought, opinion, right to information and be informed and to seek information, enshrined in Colombia in Article 20 of the Constitution. In News of a Kidnapping, the author exercising freedom of information, allowing the other faculties. Freedom of thought, opinion and expression as the hostages were able to express their experiences in this book, freedom to information, since the publication of this book allowed society to know more deep and true what happened in the war on narco-terrorism and the role of government in it, giving them the opportunity to form a public opinion more concrete bases. To inform, because his book Marquez exercised their individual right to provide information to society and to the advantage of possessing the means to do so.
For the right to information is legitimate in their practice, spreading the message, you must have the public interest and veracity. The book by the mere fact of telling a war against the violation of human rights and has common interests and more when it comes to a story in which narrated from beginning to end the era of narco-terrorism suffered by the Colombian people, and that the publication of this book gives the possibility that many did not know details. As to the veracity of the information, with the confrontation of sources is shown. A clear example is the report presented in the book of the death of Diana Turbay, which put both the version of the evaluative study of the Attorney General, the Elite Corps and the Extraditables. Revealing the truth as it was, according to data collection. In conclusion
News of a Kidnapping by Gabriel García Márquez, exercises the right to information, fulfills its social function and allows this right includes freedom are exercised.
Regarding press freedom, this book denounces the violation of fundamental rights, which at the time of narration were so little respected, established as a essential in maintaining and denouncing them and the barriers that these were exercised. In the sense of press freedom as a servant of society, given the possibility that the citizen knows the most momentous events of their daily lives, as was the war against Pablo Escobar and extradited. And finally it is important to note that Marquez in their exercise of press freedom, was denounced by the violation of his book suffered Colombia and colleagues of the same faculty he was practicing.
One of the key elements in the mediation of the government and Extraditables were the media, because through them the participants in this war reporting and informing of decisions, requirements, reactions, and responses to the actions of the same. In terms of public opinion the influence of the media in the formation of this is indisputable, because the information they were transmitting allowed the company to assume a position on the conflict that existed at the time of narco-terrorism, and this Just as building a collective assessment against it. In the definition of the media as having a common good, with the same campaign by Colombia's Claims, established themselves as defenders of human rights at this time were violated and poorly enforced, fulfilling its role in promoting other fundamental freedoms for men. Finally and most important theme is to point to the media as essential and key element in the success of a society, this book is presented by the action of the Extraditables to use journalists as their most important vehicle to push the government to the non-extradition.
On the issue of how they affected the freedom of press and information in the conflict already mentioned, one can conclude that this itself was concerned, because the target narco taken among journalists, just because of its importance, not only attack against their work and their lives, but a right as fundamental as freedom, and a way to impose a blackout on it, disrespecting their freedom of thought, expression, opinion and of course freedom of press and information. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gabriel García Márquez. News of a Kidnapping. Editorial Norma. Bogotá, 1996. Pages 336. VOLLMER
Antje. Freedom of the Word: The strength of criticism. Deutschland magazine. Germany, February / March 2000. P. 40.
Freimut Duve. In the interests of stability and pluralism: the OSCE supports the media. Deutschland magazine. Germany, February / March 2000. P. 48. ROTTER
Gernot. Freedom of Opinion and Civilization: dialogue of cultures. Deutschland magazine. Germany, February / March 2000. P. 52. Http://www.monografias.com/trabajos13/liberdepr/liberdepr.shtml
